A new study looks at the effect of short-term exposure to PM2.5 on blood lipids

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The global incidence of diseases associated with exposure to particulate matter (PM).2.5) increased significantly. Short term exposure to particulate matter2.5 It is positively associated with mortality associated with increased rates of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. However, the basic mechanism of how PM2.5 Exposure affects health is unclear.

Study: Effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure on blood lipids among 197,957 subjects in eastern China.  Image credit: cigdem/Shutterstock
Stady: Effects of short-term PM2.5 exposure on blood lipids among 197,957 people in eastern China.. Image credit: cigdem/Shutterstock

background

evening2.5 Exposure was found to increase the prevalence of non-alcoholic substances fatty liver disease. long term PM2.5 Exposure to dementia has also been linked to an increased incidence of dementia among the elderly. In older males, long-term PM2.5 Exposure increased blood triglycerides and lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In children and adolescents, long-term PM2.5 Exposure led to an increase in total cholesterol levels along with a higher risk of hypercholesterolemia.

It is not clear whether PM2.5 Exposure affects blood lipid levels. Although some evidence of long-term particulate matter has been documented2.5 Exposure to blood lipids, there are no studies available to explore the effect of fine particulate matter in the short term2.5 exposure to blood fats.

about studying

newly Scientific reports The study sought to address the aforementioned gap in research and to identify the relationship between short-term PM2.5 exposure and blood lipids. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Yixing City, China. Patients who attended a physical examination, between 2015 and 2020, at Yixing People’s Hospital were recruited into this study, regardless of their disease status.

Two primary criteria for inclusion of this study were that the patients needed to be local residents and they needed to be tested for lipid-related indices. The study excluded all participants who were under lipid-lowering drugs and those who had frequent exposure to dust in their field of work.

The authors obtained reports on indicators of blood lipids in the participants, such as cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. It should be noted that the blood samples of the candidates were collected after at least 8 hours of overnight fasting.

the findings

A total of 197,957 participants were included in this study, with an average age of 47.90 years. Interestingly, 55.61% of the study group were male. evening2.5 It was positively associated with LDL cholesterol level and total cholesterol concentration and negatively associated with triglycerides. The results of the current study indicate the harmful effect of particulate matter2.5 exposure to blood fats.

Many contradictory findings have been documented in previous studies that explored the impact of exposure to air pollutants on health. These differential observations are due to the diverse study designs and differing PMs2.5 exposure times. The discrepancy in the research was also due to differences in air quality and lifestyle in rural and urban areas.

The current study, using a single polluted model, observed a negative correlation between triglyceride and serum lipid levels. In addition, a positive association between triglyceride and serum lipid levels was detected, using a multistained model. However, these results were not in line with a previous study conducted in rural areas, where PM is short-lived2.5 Rural exposure was positively associated with triglyceride concentration and negatively associated with total cholesterol concentration. These contrasting results indicate that specific air pollutants can alter the relationship between short-range fine particulate matter2.5 and triglyceride levels.

evening2.5 It was found to be positively associated with LDL cholesterol concentration. A previous study showed that short-term PM2.5 Exposure was negatively related to total cholesterol concentration. This discrepancy with the present results may be due to different sample sizes and ages. In addition, the short PM2.5 Exposure was found to be a risk factor for hyperlipidemia.

The current study revealed that the effect of PM is short term2.5 Exposure to LDL-cholesterol and total-cholesterol concentrations can be adjusted by age. Consistent with previous studies, the current study revealed that the elderly were more likely to have PM2.5 Exposure due to metabolic deficiency and/or immunodeficiency.

determinants

A major area of ​​improvement for the current study is the time-series study format, for which the authors failed to identify reverse causation or temporally specific confounding. In addition, use a stationary environmental monitoring station to estimate an individual’s PM2.5 Exposure may lead to a biased result. This is because a single monitoring station cannot be a true representation of an individual’s total PM2.5 exposure. Another limitation of the study is the high possibility of the presence of unmeasured and residual confounding factors.

conclusions

The authors claim that this research is the largest population study to investigate how short-term PM is2.5 Exposure affects the concentration of lipids in the blood. This study provides new empirical evidence on the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants on health. PM differential2.5 It was found that the duration of exposure affects the levels of lipids in the blood. In the short term PM2.5 Exposure was found to be positively associated with total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol and negatively associated with triglycerides.

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